Chemistry

Petro-Chemistry

Petro chemistry is an area of chemistry that studies the transformation of petroleum and natural gas into useful products and raw materials for chemical products. Main ingredients of this fossil raw material sources are especially aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which are processed in petrochemical plants.  Over millions of years, natural changes in organic materials have produced petroleum which has accumulated under the earth’s surface. Petroleum rich areas are generally found in regions that support retention, such as porous sandstones. Crude oils are naturally occurring liquids made up of various hydrocarbon compounds that differ in appearance and composition. Average composition rates are 84% carbon, 14% hydrogen, 1%-3% sulphur, and less than 1% each of nitrogen, oxygen, metals and salts. Depending on the sulphur content crude oils are either categorized as sweet or sour. A process called fractional distillation separates crude oil into various segments. Fractions at the top have lower boiling points than fractions at the bottom. The bottom fractions are heavy, and are thus "cracked" into lighter and more useful products. The global demand for petrochemical products continuously rises .One of the major concerning issues in today's world is the dependence of the modern society on oil and gas and various other petroleum products. Besides this, there are problems relating to the increasing scarcity of workable hydrocarbon deposits.